P, I, Cl, and O would form anions because they are nonmetals. Mg, In, Cs, Pb, and Co would form cations because they are metals.
Which of the following atoms would be expected to form negative ions in binary ionic compounds and which would be expected to form positive ions: Br, Ca, Na, N, F, Al, Sn, S, Cd? Predict the charge on the monatomic ions formed from the following atoms in binary ionic compounds:. Write the electron configuration for the monatomic ions formed from the following elements which form the greatest concentration of monatomic ions in seawater :.
Write out the full electron configuration for each of the following atoms and for the monatomic ion found in binary ionic compounds containing the element:. From the labels of several commercial products, prepare a list of six ionic compounds in the products. For each compound, write the formula. You may need to look up some formulas in a suitable reference.
Skip to content Chemical Bonding and Molecular Geometry. Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Explain the formation of cations, anions, and ionic compounds Predict the charge of common metallic and nonmetallic elements, and write their electron configurations. The atoms in sodium chloride common table salt are arranged to a maximize opposite charges interacting.
The smaller spheres represent sodium ions, the larger ones represent chloride ions. In the expanded view b , the geometry can be seen more clearly. Electronic Structures of Cations When forming a cation, an atom of a main group element tends to lose all of its valence electrons, thus assuming the electronic structure of the noble gas that precedes it in the periodic table. Solution First, write the electron configuration for the neutral atoms: Zn: [Ar]3 d 10 4 s 2 Cr: [Ar]3 d 5 4 s 1 Next, remove electrons from the highest energy orbital.
Electronic Structures of Anions Most monatomic anions form when a neutral nonmetal atom gains enough electrons to completely fill its outer s and p orbitals, thereby reaching the electron configuration of the next noble gas. Solution Se 2— : [Ar]3 d 10 4 s 2 4 p 6 I — : [Kr]4 d 10 5 s 2 5 p 6 Check Your Learning Write the electron configurations of a phosphorus atom and its negative ion.
Key Concepts and Summary Atoms gain or lose electrons to form ions with particularly stable electron configurations. Chemistry End of Chapter Exercises Does a cation gain protons to form a positive charge or does it lose electrons? Predict the charge on the monatomic ions formed from the following atoms in binary ionic compounds: a P b Mg c Al d O e Cl f Cs.
Predict the charge on the monatomic ions formed from the following atoms in binary ionic compounds: a I b Sr c K d N e S f In. Forming ions Ions are electrically charged particles formed when atoms lose or gain electrons. Positively charged sodium and aluminium ions. Negatively charged oxide and chloride ions. Note 1. What do the terms anhydrous, hydrous, and undissociated mean? What are ionic compounds? How can I identify ionic compounds? Why are ionic compounds solid at room temperature?
See all questions in Ionic Compounds. Impact of this question views around the world. You can reuse this answer Creative Commons License. Both of the atoms involved in electron transfer become ions. The atom that gains the electrons becomes a negatively changed anion, the atom that loses the electrons becomes a positively charged cation.
The opposite charges on the ions cause the ions to bond, or be held together, by electrostatic forces. An ionic bond is a bond between ions where oppositely charged atoms attract each other and cancel their charges to produce neutral compounds.
Information about electron shells and ion formation can be used to predict how elements will interact to form ionic compounds. Each element in Group 17 can gain one electron to become a 1— anion.
Elements from Groups 1 and 17 can combine to form ionic compounds in a one-to-one ratio. Therefore, one lithium Li cation bonds with one fluorine F anion as lithium flouride LiF. Other examples of ionic compounds that combine in a ratio of one cation to one anion are sodium chloride NaCl and potassium iodide KI.
So, there are two lithium cations for every oxygen anion when they bond to form lithium oxide Li 2 O. Bonds between other elements in Groups 1 and 16 also form two-to-one ratios. An example of a one-to-one ratio ionic bond is shown in Fig. A sodium atom transfers an electron to a chlorine atom Fig.
The resulting sodium chloride NaCl compound is neutrally charged Fig. An example of a two-to-one ratio ionic bond is shown in Fig. Because each magnesium atom can lose two electrons, and each chlorine atom can only gain one electron, magnesium must transfer its two electrons to two chlorine atoms. When most people use the word salt, they mean a specific kind of salt, sodium chloride NaCl. Sodium chloride is the common table salt that we put on food.
However, the term salt has a more general meaning in chemistry; salts are ionic compounds formed of cations and anions held together by ionic bonding. In a crystal of table salt, sodium and chloride ions are arranged very closely together. A single, tiny crystal of table salt can be composed of a billion trillion ions.
The sodium and chloride ions in table salt are arranged very closely together, their arrangement forms a crystal in the shape of a cube.
In other salts, the ions may be arranged differently to form crystals of different shapes Fig. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed for non-profit educational purposes.
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